Executive Compensation (US)

On September 18, 2013, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) proposed a rule that would require most public companies to disclose, annually, the ratio of the median of the annual total compensation of all of the company’s employees to the annual total compensation of the company’s principal executive officer. This rule is mandated by Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”).  The comment period on the proposed rule ends 60 days after the proposing release is published in the Federal Register.

While the pay ratio disclosure is mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act, the statute sets no deadline for the SEC to act, and there are legitimate questions about the usefulness of the proposed disclosure to investors. In this respect, the proposed rule is, arguably, yet another example of using SEC disclosure rules to advance public policy goals not squarely rooted in the SEC’s historic mission of protecting investors.  Further, despite steps taken by the SEC to reduce compliance costs for companies, the proposed rule would, if enacted, certainly increase the costs and time required for companies to accurately prepare their executive compensation disclosures, including the likely need for many companies to retain outside advisors to assist in the statistical sampling and compilation process.
Continue Reading SEC Proposes Pay Ratio Disclosure Rule

Earlier today in United States v. Windsor, the Supreme Court struck down section 3 of the federal Defense of Marriage Act (“DOMA”).  Section 3 of DOMA limits the definition of marriage for purposes of federal law to marriage between individuals of the opposite sex.   The Court held that DOMA deprives same sex couples of due process in violation of the Fifth Amendment.   The Court’s ruling applies to marriages recognized under state law;   the Court did not address whether the Constitution requires states to recognize same sex marriage.

The Court’s opinion notes that DOMA affects over “1,000 statutes and numerous federal regulations.”   Many of the affected statutes and regulations relate to employee benefits.  As a result, the decision is likely to affect the benefits provided under employee benefit plans and the tax treatment those benefits receive.  In some cases, the Court’s decision could have implications for benefits that have already been paid. We encourage employers to review their benefit plans and plan administration to identify changes that might be required or desirable as a result of the ruling.
Continue Reading Supreme Court’s DOMA Decision Has Significant Implications for Employers and Employee Benefit Plans

At a recent forum in New York, a team of Covington & Burling LLP lawyers addressed the growing concern among companies that their most valuable assets might just walk out the front door on a thumb drive in an employee’s pocket or otherwise be taken by company insiders.  Although much of the discussion in this country is focused on securing systems from cyber-attacks, Michael Chertoff (former Secretary of Homeland Security and now Senior Of Counsel at Covington) noted that focusing only on attacks from outside a company is like locking a door but leaving a window open. The threat from insiders is substantial, and addressing this threat involves many disciplines, including employee benefits and executive compensation.

Protecting business critical information is not simple.  It involves identifying which information is critical, designating that information confidential, establishing practices, procedures, and policies to maintain confidentiality, and being prepared to address immediately breaches that occur.  Each step implicates several areas of the law, including data security, privacy, intellectual property, white collar crime, employment, employee benefits and executive compensation, corporate and securities, insurance coverage, and crisis management.  For example, the recent White House initiative to combat trade secret theft identified human resources policies as a key area of focus in developing best practices to protect trade secrets. 
Continue Reading Why Is a Benefits Lawyer Talking about Trade Secret Theft?

As recently reported in a Wall Street Journal article, plaintiffs’ lawyers hatched a new generation of executive compensation lawsuits in 2012, which are expected to be rolled out again in 2013.  These lawsuits are distinct from the first generation of “say-on-pay” lawsuits in 2011, which generally were filed against companies following shareholder meetings based…

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) recently approved changes to the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and NASDAQ relating to the independence of compensation committee members and the responsibilities of compensation committees when selecting compensation consultants, legal counsel, and other advisers. The final listing standards are substantially the same as those proposed by the exchanges, but there are a couple of noteworthy changes.
Continue Reading SEC Approves NYSE and NASDAQ Independence Standards for Compensation Committees

Employers are deluged with annual reporting requirements for their compensation and benefit plans.  One requirement that often flies under the radar is the obligation to furnish and file Form 3921 for exercises of incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and Form 3922 for certain shares purchased under an employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”).  The deadline for furnishing these forms to employees is right around the corner: January 31, 2013.  The deadline for filing these forms with the IRS is a month or two later.
Continue Reading Statutory Stock Options: We Have To Report What? And When?

In the coming year, we expect to see continued activity on the part of the agencies and Congress with respect to employee benefits and executive compensation.  The following is a preview of major guidance anticipated in 2013. 
Continue Reading 2013 Preview of Expected Developments in Employee Benefits and Executive Compensation

If widespread news reports are any indication, many people—employers and employees alike—are thinking about increased taxes in 2013 and what can be done to minimize their impact.

Some tax increases in 2013 are a sure thing.  For example, the employee share of Medicare taxes will increase to 2.35% for wages in excess of $250,000 (for married individuals filing jointly), $125,000 (for married individuals filing separately), and $200,000 (in any other case).

But, even as the end of the year looms, it is unclear whether other potential tax increases will take effect.  If the so-called Bush tax cuts expire, income tax rates will increase.  If the “payroll tax holiday” is not extended, the employee share of Social Security taxes will increase to 6.2% from its current 4.2%.

Due to the uncertain tax landscape for 2013, employers may wish to consider accelerating certain payments and awards into 2012 when taxes will generally be lower.  However, in so doing, employers should be careful to avoid certain potential pitfalls. 
Continue Reading Accelerating Compensation into 2012 to Avoid 2013 Tax Increases

Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”) and Glass Lewis & Co., LLC (“Glass Lewis”) recently updated their proxy voting guidelines for the 2013 proxy season.  The complete 2013 Updates to ISS’s U.S. Corporate Governance Policy are available here.  Key updates from both proxy advisors relating to executive compensation and compensation-related matters are discussed below.  While the 2013 policy updates represent incremental rather than wholesale changes to the respective advisor’s voting guidelines, they also reflect, at least in part, responses to critiques of their pay-for-performance analyses voiced during the 2012 proxy season.  Public companies are urged to take the 2013 policy updates into account when reviewing existing practices and policies and considering changes. 
Continue Reading ISS and Glass Lewis Release 2013 Policy Updates